CNC machine operating principle

CNC machine tools are relatively advanced machine tool processing equipment. They mainly use binary codes to command and control machine movement to process workpieces. Compared with traditional ordinary machine tools, the processing efficiency of CNC machine tools has been significantly improved. The working principle of CNC machine tools is more complex than traditional machine tools, but theoretically the working principles of CNC machine tools can be classified into the following four sections:

1. Programming entry

The main reason why CNC machine tools work more efficiently is because a complete set of processing programs is written and input into their computer movements. Programming of CNC machine tools requires the use of G codes and M codes. The G code writes the machine tool control program, which is mainly used to arrange the axial movement efficiency and cutting action speed of the CNC machine tool; the M code is responsible for controlling the machine tool processing auxiliary program and controlling some auxiliary but necessary functional intelligent adjustment processes, such as the addition of coolant. , automatic processes for replacing props, etc., these essential auxiliary processes can be completed accurately as long as the arranged procedures are entered.

2.Control system processing

The control system of CNC machine tools generally includes computers, controllers, motors, and encoders. After receiving the instructions conveyed by the processing program, the control system can quickly convert human language into binary computer codes, accurately change the motor speed and motor distance, thereby completing various precise shifting and cutting processes of the machine tool. The built-in control system of the CNC machine tool can also independently switch the bearing speed, feed speed, cutting depth and other comprehensive data during the working process according to different instructions, thereby more accurately controlling the quality of the workpiece.

3. Control of motion system

The motion system control process of CNC machine tools is also one of the working principles of CNC machine tools. This command is changed by adjusting the speed and position of the servo motor. During the processing process, multiple bearings of CNC machine tools need to move according to established trajectories, and the built-in control system will calculate the moving points and speeds of each bearing of the machine tool based on the processing requirements in the input instructions, and then convert these data It is converted into a control signal, and ultimately dominates the machine tool's autonomous precise processing actions.

4. Tool replacement control

The tool replacement control process of CNC machine tools also requires system instructions. When the machine tool senses tool wear during the processing process, the machine tool will automatically stop. The control system will automatically start the tool switching and adjustment program. Only after completion can the machining action continue.