Selection of CNC tools and determination of cutting amount

It is an important part of CNC machining technology. It not only affects the processing efficiency of CNC machine tools, but also directly affects the processing quality. The development of CAD/CAM technology has made it possible to directly use CAD design data in CNC machining. Especially the connection between microcomputers and CNC machine tools has made the entire process of design, process planning and programming all completed on the computer. Generally, there is no need to output specialized data. process documents.

Types and characteristics of commonly used tools for CNC machining

CNC machining tools must adapt to the high speed, high efficiency and high degree of automation of CNC machine tools. They should generally include universal tools, universal connecting tool holders and a small number of special tool holders. The tool holder must be connected to the tool and mounted on the machine tool power head, so it has gradually Standardization and serialization.

There are many ways to classify CNC tools. According to the structure of the tool, it can be divided into:

① integral type;

② inlaid type, using welding or machine clamp connection. Shock knives, etc.

According to the materials used to make cutting tools, they can be divided into:

① high-speed steel cutting tools;

② carbide cutting tools;

③ diamond cutting tools;

④ other material cutting tools, such as cubic boron nitride cutting tools, ceramic cutting tools, etc.

From the cutting technology, it can be divided into:

① turning tools, including cylindrical, inner hole, thread, cutting tools, etc.;

② drilling tools, including drill bits, reamers, taps, etc.;

③ boring tools;

④ milling tools, etc. . In order to adapt to CNC machine tools, the cutting tools are durable, stable, easy to adjust,

In order to meet the requirements of exchangeability, etc., machine-clip indexable tools have been widely used in recent years, accounting for 30% to 40% of the entire CNC tools in quantity, and the metal removal amount accounts for 80% to 90% of the total.

Compared with the tools used on ordinary machine tools, CNC tools have many different requirements, and they mainly have the following characteristics:

(1) Good rigidity (especially roughing tools), high precision, small vibration resistance and thermal deformation;

(2) Good interchangeability, easy to change tools quickly

(3) Long service life, stable and reliable cutting performance

(4) The size of the tool is easy to adjust to reduce tool change and adjustment time.

(5) The tool should be able to reliably break or roll chips to facilitate the removal of chips.

(6) Serialization and standardization to facilitate programming and tool management